期刊
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
卷 53, 期 20, 页码 11675-11683出版社
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b03817
关键词
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资金
- Guangdong (China) Innovative and Entrepreneurial Research Team Program [2016ZT06N258]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [21777059]
- China Postdoctoral Science Foundation [2018M633281]
Despite phthalate monoesters (mono-PAEs) being commonly recognized as metabolic products of phthalate diesters (di-PAEs), investigations on their environmental occurrences, particularly in indoor environments, remain limited. The present study demonstrated the presence mono-PAEs, along with a variety of di-PAEs, in house dust collected from 83 South China families. Among 15 target mono-PAEs, monobutyl phthalate (median concentration, 21.54 mu g/g) dominated over other mono-PAEs in indoor dust, followed by monoethylhexyl phthalate (9.44 mu g/g), monoisobutyl phthalate (5.14 mu g/g), monomethyl phthalate (MMP; 2.05 mu g/g), and several others. The total concentrations of detectable mono-PAEs (median, 45.40 mu g/g) constituted an average of 6.7 +/- 3.7% of the total concentrations of their parent diesters in the same dust. Molar concentration ratios of mono-PAEs to their respective di-PAEs varied greatly among chemicals (median, 0.001-3.1), with the highest ratios determined for the MMP/dimethyl phthalate and mono-/diisopropyl phthalate pairs (i.e., 3.1 and 1.5, respectively). In addition, no significant associations were observed between dust-associated mono- or di-PAEs and urinary mono-PAEs detected in both children (n = 48) and adult participants (n = 41). We hypothesized that mono-PAEs in dust could originate from different sources (e.g., impurities in di-PAE formulas, degradation from di-PAEs, and direct application as commercial additives), while the relative importance of various origins could differ between chemicals. Our findings demonstrate broad occurrences of mono-PAEs in indoor environments, but future studies are needed to better elucidate their sources, fate in indoor and outdoor environments, and potential human health risks.
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