期刊
EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS
卷 521, 期 -, 页码 113-119出版社
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.epsl.2019.06.006
关键词
volcanoes; sulfur; mass-independent fractionation; stratosphere; Katmai; ice cores
资金
- Foster and Coco Stanback postdoctoral fellowship
- Marie Curie Career Integration Grant [CIG14-631752]
- NSF-OCE grant [1340174]
- NSF-EAR grant [1349858]
- European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme [820047]
- NSF-PLR grant [1204176]
- Directorate For Geosciences
- Division Of Earth Sciences [1349858] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
The record of volcanic forcing of climate over the past 2500 years is based primarily on sulfate concentrations in ice cores. Of particular interest are large volcanic eruptions with plumes that reached high altitudes in the stratosphere, as these afford sulfate aerosols the longest residence time in the atmosphere, and thus have the greatest impact on radiative forcing. Sulfur isotopes measured in ice cores can be used to identify these large eruptions because stratospheric sulfur is exposed to UV radiation, which imparts a time-evolving mass independent fractionation (MIF) that is preserved in the ice. However, sample size requirements of traditional measurement techniques mean that the MIF signal may be obscured, leading to an inconclusive result. Here we present a new method of measuring sulfur isotopes in ice cores by multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, which reduces sample size requirements by three orders of magnitude. Our method allows us to measure samples containing as little as 10 nmol of sulfur, with a precision of 0.11 parts per thousand for delta S-34 and 0.10 parts per thousand for Delta S-33, enabling a high-temporal resolution over ice core sulfate peaks. We tested this method on known tropical (Tambora 1815 and Samalas 1257) and extra-tropical (Katmai/Novarupta 1912) stratospheric eruptions from the Tunu2013 ice core in Greenland and the B40 ice core from Antarctica. These high-resolution sulfur isotope records suggest a distinct difference between the signatures of tropical versus extra-tropical eruptions. Furthermore, isotope mass balance on sulfate from extra-tropical eruptions provides a means to estimate the fraction of sulfate deposited that was derived from the stratosphere. This technique applied to unidentified eruptions in ice cores may thus improve the record of explosive volcanism and its forcing of climate. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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