Green Synthesized Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles as Feed Additives to Improve Growth, Biochemical, and Hematological Parameters in Freshwater Fish Labeo rohita

Zinc deficiency in aquatic animals affects the biological processes and physiological functions. Thus, the supplement of ZnONPs can be used as an alternative method to overcome zinc deficiency. Nanoparticles have the potential to enhance the growth and health of the fish. The main aim of this study is to evaluate the growth efficacy of ZnONP-supplemented diet with fingerlings of Labeo rohita. The green synthesized ZnONPs were characterized by ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, Fourier transformer infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Different concentrations of ZnONPs (5, 7.5, and 10 mg/kg) were administered in the basal diet of freshwater fish Labeo rohita for 45 days to observe the growth and metabolic functions of the body. However, the fish fed with 10 mg/kg ZnONP-supplemented diet shows that the growth performance was highly increased followed by 7.5 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg ZnONPs when compared with the control. The biochemical, hematological, and digestive enzyme activities were also significantly increased with different concentrations of ZnONPs. The effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles show the higher improvement of growth and metabolic functions in Labeo rohita. These results suggest that the nanotechnology could apply for feed formulation technology and pave the way for the dietary supplementation of zinc oxide nanoparticles as safe ingredients for aquatic animals to overcome the zinc deficiency.