期刊
NATURE ENERGY
卷 4, 期 8, 页码 664-670出版社
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/s41560-019-0413-3
关键词
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资金
- Office of Vehicle Technologies, Battery Materials Research (BMR) Program
- Office of Naval Research
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR)
- KAUST Investigator Award
- National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowship
- Stanford Graduate Fellowship
- National Science Foundation [ECCS-1542152]
- Battery 500 Consortium of the US Department of Energy
- Stanford Global Climate and Energy Projects (GCEP)
Operations of lithium-ion batteries have long been limited to a narrow temperature range close to room temperature. At elevated temperatures, cycling degradation speeds up due to enhanced side reactions, especially when high-reactivity lithium metal is used as the anode. Here, we demonstrate enhanced performance in lithium metal batteries operated at elevated temperatures. In an ether-based electrolyte at 60 degrees C, an average Coulombic efficiency of 99.3% is obtained and more than 300 stable cycles are realized, but, at 20 degrees C, the Coulombic efficiency drops dramatically within 75 cycles, corresponding to an average Coulombic efficiency of 90.2%. Cryo-electron microscopy reveals a drastically different solid electrolyte interface nanostructure emerging at 60 degrees C, which maintains mechanical stability, inhibits continuous side reactions and guarantees good cycling stability and low electrochemical impedance. Furthermore, larger lithium particles grown at the elevated temperature reduce the electrolyte/electrode interfacial area, which decreases the per-cycle lithium loss and enables higher Coulombic efficiencies.
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