Paclitaxel-loaded nanobubble targeted to pro-gastrin-releasing peptide inhibits the growth of small cell lung cancer

Objective: The aim of this work was to study the effects of paclitaxel-loaded nanobubbles targeting pro-gastrin-releasing peptide, designated as paclitaxel targeting nanobubbles, on small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Methods: Paclitaxel targeting nanobubbles were prepared by Thin-film hydration method. Subsequently, the prepared nanomaterials were tested for their in vitro effects on SCLC H446 cells proliferation, apoptosis and motility using the CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry and cell scratch test. Next, the potential molecular regulatory mechanisms of the prepared nanomaterials on H446 cells were evaluated by RT-PCR, Western blot and immunohistochemical detection. Finally, the in vivo effects of the constructed nanomaterials were assessed on SCLC tumor using tumor-burdened nude mice models. Results: Paclitaxel targeting nanobubbles significantly inhibited SCLC cell proliferation and migration, and promoted cell apoptosis. Moreover, the expression levels of Bcl-2, survivin, CDK2 and MMP-2 significantly decreased in SCLC cells treated with paclitaxel targeting nanobubbles, whereas the expression of caspase-3 and Rb were increased. There was a notable decrease in tumor size in vivo in SCLC nude mice models treated with paclitaxel targeting nanobubbles. Conclusion: Paclitaxel targeting nanobubbles effectively inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of SCLC cells and induced SCLC cells apoptosis. Hence, these nanobubbles show potential in SCLC-targeted drug treatment application.