期刊
ADVANCED SCIENCE
卷 6, 期 16, 页码 -出版社
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/advs.201900577
关键词
naphthalene diimides; noncovalent self-assembly; nonequilibrium assemblies; self-assembly mechanism; supramolecular polymers
资金
- National Science Centre [SONATA BIS 2018/30/E/ST5/00032, PRELUDIUM UMO-2017/25/N/ST5/00451]
- Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research [016. Vidi. 189.031]
- European Union through the European Social Fund under the Operational Program Knowledge Education Development [POWR.03.02.00-00-I023/17]
Noncovalent self-assembly creates an effective route to highly sophisticated supramolecular polymers with tunable properties. However, the outcome of this assembly process is highly dependent on external conditions. In this work, a monomeric naphthalene diimide (NDI), designed to allow solubility in a wide range of solvents, can assemble into three distinct noncovalent supramolecular species depending on solvent composition and temperature. Namely, while the self-assembly in chlorinated solvents yields relatively short, hydrogen-bonded nanotubes, the reduction of solvent polarity changes the assembly outcome, yielding pi-pi stacking polymers, which can further bundle into a more complex aggregate. The obtained polymers differ not only in their global morphology but-more strikingly-also in the thermodynamics and kinetics of their supramolecular self-assembly, involving isodesmic or two-stage cooperative assembly with kinetic hysteresis, respectively. Ultimately, three distinct assembly states can be accessed in a single experiment.
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