期刊
ENERGY TECHNOLOGY
卷 7, 期 10, 页码 -出版社
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/ente.201900343
关键词
crystallization; in situ grazing incidence wide angle X-ray scattering; mesoscopic; perovskite solar cells
资金
- International Center for Energy Research (Technical University of Munich)
- International Center for Energy Research (Nanyang Technological University)
- Bavarian State Ministry of Education, Science and the Arts via the project Energy Valley Bavaria
- Bavarian Collaborative Research Project Solar Technologies Go Hybrid (SolTech)
- TUM.solar
- Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]
- National Research Foundation Singapore through the Intra CREATE NTU Perovskite project
Additives are frequently used to enhance material properties. The addition of the processing additive 5-aminovaleric acid iodide (5-AVAI) into printed mesoscopic perovskite solar cells is shown to have a strong impact on the device performance and stability. Although it is difficult to understand the impact of 5-AVAI as a processing additive by examining only the final thin films, the evolution of morphology with and without 5-AVAI reveals that 5-AVAI influences the crystallization behavior of the perovskite. In situ grazing incidence wide angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) is performed to follow the perovskite formation within the printable all-porous TiO2/ZrO2/carbon architecture and investigate the influence of 5-AVAI on the perovskite crystallization within the scaffold. Using such time-resolved measurements, the suppression of large crystalline perovskite grains is identified early in the fabrication process when 5-AVAI is present, resulting in improved material backfilling. These observations highlight the importance of 5-AVAI in the precursor solution for reliable fabrication of printed perovskite solar cells relying on the infiltration of a scaffold structure.
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