Boosting Aqueous Zn2+ Storage in 1,4,5,8-Naphthalenetetracarboxylic Dianhydride through Nitrogen Substitution

The research of organic materials thrives for lithium-ion and sodium-ion batteries but lacks for aqueous Zn2+ batteries. Herein, we prepared 1,4,5,8-naphthalene diimide (NTCDI), which is derived from 1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride, through nitrogen substitution with the assistance of ammonia solution. NTCDI is first applied in aqueous Zn2+ batteries, which can give a high reversible capacity of 240 mAh g(-1) at 0.1 A g(-1). The electrochemical kinetics analysis indicates that the diffusion-control process dominates in the electrode reaction. NTCDI can keep 73.7 % of the initial capacity of 152 mAh g(-1) after 2000 continuous charge/discharge cycles at 1 A g(-1), showing great potential for zinc storage.