期刊
NUTRIENTS
卷 11, 期 7, 页码 -出版社
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/nu11071680
关键词
nutrition; pregnancy; micronutrients; macronutrients; food intake; lifestyle; NICE study
资金
- Swedish Research Council [521-2013-3154]
- Swedish Research Council for Health, Working Life andWelfare (FORTE) [2014-0923]
- Vastra Gotaland Region [612-0618-15]
- Jane and Dan Olsson Foundation
- Research and Innovation Unit at Region Norrbotten
- Magnus Bergvalls Foundation [2017-02297]
- Willhelm and Martina Lundgren Foundation [2018-2250]
Linkages between diet and other lifestyle factors may confound observational studies. We used cluster analysis to analyze how the intake of food and nutrients during pregnancy co-varies with lifestyle, clinical and demographic factors in 567 women who participated in the NICE (nutritional impact on immunological maturation during childhood in relation to the environment) birth-cohort in northern Sweden. A food frequency questionnaire, Meal-Q, was administered in pregnancy Week 34, and the reported food and nutrient intakes were related to maternal characteristics such as age, education, rural/town residence, parity, pre-pregnancy smoking, first-trimester BMI, allergy and hyperemesis. Two lifestyle-diet clusters were identified: (1) High level of education and higher age were related to one another, and associated with a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains and fish, and (2) smoking before pregnancy and higher BMI in early pregnancy were related to one another and associated with a diet that contained white bread, French fries, pizza, meat, soft drinks, candy and snacks. More than half of the women had lower-than-recommended daily intake levels of vitamin D, folate, selenium, and iodine. Complex lifestyle-diet interactions should be considered in observational studies that link diet and pregnancy outcome.
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