期刊
TRENDS IN GENETICS
卷 35, 期 7, 页码 478-488出版社
ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON
DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2019.04.008
关键词
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资金
- Arizona State University (ASU) Center for Evolution and Medicine postdoctoral fellowships
- Marcia and Frank Carlucci Charitable Foundation postdoctoral award from the Prevent Cancer Foundation
- School of Life Sciences at ASU
- Biodesign Institute at ASU
- National Institutes of Health (NIH)/National Institute on Aging (NIA) [RF1AG054442-01]
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the NIH [R35GM124827]
We hypothesize that, ancestrally, sex-specific immune modulation evolved to facilitate survival of the pregnant person in the presence of an invasive placenta and an immunologically challenging pregnancy- an idea we term the 'pregnancy compensation hypothesis' (PCH). Further, we propose that sex differences in immune function are mediated, at least in part, by the evolution of gene content and dosage on the sex chromosomes, and are regulated by reproductive hormones. Finally, we propose that changes in reproductive ecology in industrialized environments exacerbate these evolved sex differences, resulting in the increasing risk of autoimmune disease observed in females, and a counteracting reduction in diseases such as cancer that can be combated by heightened immune surveillance. The PCH generates a series of expectations that can be tested empirically and that may help to identify the mechanisms underlying sex differences in modem human diseases.
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