期刊
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
卷 668, 期 -, 页码 419-431出版社
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.220
关键词
WASH; Reinvent the toilet challenge; Iterative design; User testing; Science-design Interface
资金
- Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation [OPP1149204]
- Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation [OPP1149204] Funding Source: Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
A prototype of a non-fluid based mechanical toilet flush was tested in a semi-public, institutional setting and in selected pert-urban households in eThekwini municipality. Republic of South Africa. The mechanism's functionality and users' perception of the flush were assessed. User perception varied depending on background: Users accustomed to porcelain water flush toilets were open to, yet reserved about the idea of using a waterless flush in their homes. Those who commonly use Urine Diversion Dehydration Toilets were far more receptive. The user-centred field trials were complemented by a controlled laboratory experiment, using synthetic urine, -faeces, and -menstrual blood, to systematically assess the efficiency of three swipe materials to clean the rotating bowl of the flush. A silicone rubber with oil-bleed-effect was found to be the best performing material for the swipe. Lubrication of the bowl prior to use further reduced fouling. A mechanical waterless flush that does not require consumables, like plastic wrappers, is a novelty and could - implemented in existing dry toilet systems improve acceptance and thus the success of waterless sanitation. (C) 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.
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