期刊
SCIENCE
卷 364, 期 6447, 页码 1264-+出版社
AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1126/science.aat5718
关键词
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资金
- Australian Research Council through the ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems [CE1101013, CE170100009]
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies [CE170100039]
- ARC [DP160102085]
- Australian Government
- Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies
- Royal Society of New Zealand Marsden Fund [UOO1726]
- Australian Government Research and Training Program Scholarship
- Australian Research Council [CE1101013] Funding Source: Australian Research Council
Adding energy to a system through transient stirring usually leads to more disorder. In contrast, point-like vortices in a bounded two-dimensional fluid are predicted to reorder above a certain energy, forming persistent vortex clusters. In this study, we experimentally realize these vortex clusters in a planar superfluid: a Rb-87 Bose-Einstein condensate confined to an elliptical geometry. We demonstrate that the clusters persist for long time periods, maintaining the superfluid system in a high-energy state far from global equilibrium. Our experiments explore a regime of vortex matter at negative absolute temperatures and have relevance for the dynamics of topological defects, two-dimensional turbulence, and systems such as helium films, nonlinear optical materials, fermion superfluids, and quark-gluon plasmas.
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