期刊
RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING
卷 146, 期 -, 页码 168-179出版社
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2019.03.032
关键词
Animal production; Nitrogen use efficiency; Livestock; Food wastes; Life cycle
资金
- Teagasc Walsh Fellowship Scheme [2012230]
- Livestock Environmental Assessment Performance (LEAP) Partnership [GCP/GLO/369/MUL]
- Livestock Information, Sector Analysis and Policy Branch (AGAL) of Food and Agriculture Organization of United Nations (FAO)
The global pork sector contributes to food security and supports livelihoods for millions of households but also causes nitrogen (N) pollution. Here we assess N flows, losses, and N use indicators for global pork supply chains, from cradle-to-primary-processing-gate and for three production systems: the backyard, intermediate and industrial systems. Subsequently, we evaluate the effects of feeding swill to industrial pigs on N flows and land use. To produce 3.5 Tg N of pork globally, 14.7 Tg N are lost into the environment, of which 68% is lost to watercourses in the form of nitrates and organic N and the reminder emitted to the atmosphere as N-gas (e.g., NH3, NOx and N2O). We found that the efficiency of N use, hotspot and magnitude of N losses per unit of area depend chiefly on the region (agro-ecological and economic context), origin of feed, and manure management systems. Swill feeding increases N use efficiency and reduces N losses at the feed production stage. It achieves a saving of 31 Mt of soybeans and 20 Mt of grains on dry matter basis, equivalent to 16 M ha of land used. Its adoption would require innovative policies to preserve food safety and public health. Future research may explore the feasibility and requirements to adopt swill feeding at a country level and may investigate potential impacts on other sustainability objectives.
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