Resilience design method based on meta-structure: A case study of offshore wind farm

The definition and evaluation of resilience has been widely discussed for various systems to reduce risks in dynamic environments. Despite the existence of numerous studies on the definition and evaluation of resilience, very few has established general approaches to system design with resilience criteria. In this paper, we present general methodologies for resilience design based on meta-structure under internal deterioration and external shocks. First, a resilience metric describing the system additional capacity is proposed. Afterwards, one first-level and two second-level meta-structures are introduced to model homogeneous and heterogeneous system units, respectively. Design factors that directly influence the resilience are formulated, and the evaluation method for resilience of meta-structure is given. Considering the proposed resilience measure and meta-structural properties, we construct an approach to system design with various constraints and two novel criteria. Furthermore, in order to explain the effectiveness of proposed novel methodology, we analyzed the resilience characteristics of first- and two second-level meta-structures under deterministic and random damage. Finally, a case study on an offshore wind farm comprising 30 wind turbines is carried out. The result shows that resilience design can ensure the system recovery after a damage by external shocks arriving according to Poisson distribution with rate 1/720.