期刊
QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
卷 145, 期 724, 页码 2876-2908出版社
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/qj.3598
关键词
data assimilation; reanalysis; surface pressure; 20CRv3
资金
- Physical Sciences Division of the NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory
- US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research (BER)
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Climate Program Office
- U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science User Facility [DE-AC02-05CH11231]
- SwissRe
- Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme - BEIS
- DEFRA
- Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S)/Data Rescue Service (DRS) [ATT 3670, FENIX: T17088S]
- Australian Research Council [DE130100668]
- UK National Centre for Atmosphere Science
- LDEO Climate Center
- NOAA [NA03OAR4320179, NA17OAR4310156]
- National Science Centre, Poland [DEC-2012/07/B/ST10/04002, 2015/19/B/ST10/02933]
- Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Germany
- University of Giessen
- European Research Council under H2020 (grant PALAEO-RA) [787574]
- Australian Research Council [DE130100668] Funding Source: Australian Research Council
- European Research Council (ERC) [787574] Funding Source: European Research Council (ERC)
Historical reanalyses that span more than a century are needed for a wide range of studies, from understanding large-scale climate trends to diagnosing the impacts of individual historical extreme weather events. The Twentieth Century Reanalysis (20CR) Project is an effort to fill this need. It is supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), and the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), and is facilitated by collaboration with the international Atmospheric Circulation Reconstructions over the Earth initiative. 20CR is the first ensemble of sub-daily global atmospheric conditions spanning over 100 years. This provides a best estimate of the weather at any given place and time as well as an estimate of its confidence and uncertainty. While extremely useful, version 2c of this dataset (20CRv2c) has several significant issues, including inaccurate estimates of confidence and a global sea level pressure bias in the mid-19th century. These and other issues can reduce its effectiveness for studies at many spatial and temporal scales. Therefore, the 20CR system underwent a series of developments to generate a significant new version of the reanalysis. The version 3 system (NOAA-CIRES-DOE 20CRv3) uses upgraded data assimilation methods including an adaptive inflation algorithm; has a newer, higher-resolution forecast model that specifies dry air mass; and assimilates a larger set of pressure observations. These changes have improved the ensemble-based estimates of confidence, removed spin-up effects in the precipitation fields, and diminished the sea-level pressure bias. Other improvements include more accurate representations of storm intensity, smaller errors, and large-scale reductions in model bias. The 20CRv3 system is comprehensively reviewed, focusing on the aspects that have ameliorated issues in 20CRv2c. Despite the many improvements, some challenges remain, including a systematic bias in tropical precipitation and time-varying biases in southern high-latitude pressure fields.
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