Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of the Essential Oil From the Bark of Xylopia hypolampra

Hydrodistillation of Xylopia hypolampra Mildbr. stem bark afforded 39 mg (dry weight basis) of a pale yellow fragrant essential oil; gas chromatography-flame ionization detector and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses allowed the identification of 28 compounds (90.5%, of the total oil composition). The major constituent was found to be verbenone (20.2%) followed by borneol (7.8%), eucalyptol (5.9%), nopinone (5.5%), trans-pinocarveol (4.9%), alpha-terpineol (4.4%), para-cymen-8-ol (3.5%), terpinen-4-ol (3.1%), cyperotundone (2.7%), and myrtenal co-eluted with myrtenol (6.8%). The antimicrobial activity was evaluated against Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli based on the minimum inhibitory concentration by the micro- and macrodilution methods.