The electrolyte materials for SOFCs of low-intermediate temperature: review

The low-temperature trend of solid oxide fuel cells is necessary for its commercialisation, and the electrolyte materials with excellent properties at low and intermediate temperatures, which have become the focus of research. In this paper, the conduction mechanism, performance and research status of each kind of electrolyte are reviewed, and their advantages, disadvantages and applications are discussed. Finally, the development direction of low-intermediate temperature electrolyte materials and the problems to be solved are pointed out.