Effect of substrate temperature on transparent conducting Al and F co-doped ZnO thin films prepared by rf magnetron sputtering

ZnO is a wide bandgap semiconductor that has many potential applications such as solar cells, thin film transistors, light emitting diodes, and gas/biological sensors. In this study, a composite ceramic ZnO target containing 1 wt% Al2O3 and 1.5 wt% ZnF2 was prepared and used to deposit transparent conducting Al and F co-doped zinc oxide (AFZO) thin films on glass substrates by radio frequency magnetron sputtering. The effect of substrate temperatures ranging from room temperature (RT) to 200 degrees C on structural, morphological, electrical, chemical, and optical properties of the deposited thin films were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), Hall effect measurement, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, secondary ion mass spectrometry, and UV-vis spectrophotometer. The XRD results showed that all the AFZO thin films had a (002) diffraction peak, indicating a typical wurtzite structure with a preferential orientation of the c-axis perpendicular to the substrate. The FE-SEM and AFM analyses indicated that the crystallinity and grain size of the films were enhanced while the surface roughness decreased as the substrate temperature increased. Results of Hall effect measurement showed that Al and F co-doping decreased the resistivity more effectively than single-doping (either Al or F doping) in ZnO thin films. The resistivity of the AFZO thin films decreased from 5.48 x 10(-4) to 2.88 x 10(-4) Omega-cm as the substrate temperature increased from RT to 200 degrees C due to the increased carrier concentration and Hall mobility. The optical transmittances of all the AFZO thin films were over 92% in the wavelength range of 400-800 nm regardless of substrate temperature. The blue-shift of absorption edge accompanied the rise of the optical band gap, which conformed to the Burstein-Moss effect. The developed AFZO thin films are suitable as transparent conducting electrodes for various optoelectronic applications. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.