Flame retardant nanocomposites based on 2D layered nanomaterials: a review

Two-dimensional (2D) layered nanomaterials, including layered double hydroxides, graphene, montmorillonite, expandable graphite and molybdenum disulfide, as additives to prepare polymer-based flame retardant nanocomposites, have received much interest in the scientific community in recent years. Based on some unique properties of these layered nanomaterials, as well as different flame-retarding mechanisms, various multifunctional nanocomposites can be designed and fabricated. In this paper, first the flame-retarding mechanisms are discussed. Then, the recent progress in polymer-based flame retardant nanocomposites modified by various 2D layered nanomaterials, including the modification methods, are reviewed. The present status and prospective are also discussed.