期刊
JOURNAL OF HEREDITY
卷 110, 期 6, 页码 707-719出版社
OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC
DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esz041
关键词
amphibian; anthropogenic evolution; RAD-seq; rapid evolution; urban ecology; vernal pool
资金
- National Science Foundation [BCS-1313627]
- USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Hatch (or McIntireStennis, Animal Health, etc.) project through the Maine Agricultural & Forest Experiment Station [ME0-31706]
- Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife
- US Geological Survey Maine Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit
- US National Science Foundation Adaptation to Abrupt Climate Change IGERT program [DGE-1144423]
- University of Maine's Janet Waldron Doctoral Research Fellowship
Native species that persist in urban environments may benefit from local adaptation to novel selection factors. We used double-digest restriction-side associated DNA (RAD) sequencing to evaluate shifts in genome-wide genetic diversity and investigate the presence of parallel evolution associated with urban-specific selection factors in wood frogs (Lithobates sylvaticus). Our replicated paired study design involved 12 individuals from each of 4 rural and urban populations to improve our confidence that detected signals of selection are indeed associated with urbanization. Genetic diversity measures were less for urban populations; however, the effect size was small, suggesting little biological consequence. Using an F-ST outlier approach, we identified 37 of 8344 genotyped single nucleotide polymorphisms with consistent evidence of directional selection across replicates. A genome-wide association study analysis detected modest support for an association between environment type and 12 of the 37 F-ST outlier loci. Discriminant analysis of principal components using the 37 F-ST outlier loci produced correct reassignment for 87.5% of rural samples and 93.8% of urban samples. Eighteen of the 37 F-ST outlier loci mapped to the American bullfrog (Rana [Lithobates] catesbeiana) genome, although none were in coding regions. This evidence of parallel evolution to urban environments provides a powerful example of the ability of urban landscapes to direct evolutionary processes.
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