期刊
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
卷 374, 期 -, 页码 382-391出版社
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.04.066
关键词
Polymer; Metal; Modified clay; Complex dielectric permittivity; Effective conductivity; Resonance time
资金
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [51779219, 41330641]
- Research Innovation Project of Ordinary University Graduate Student of Jiangsu Province [KYLX15_0140]
- Postgraduate Program of High-Level University of National Construction of Chinese Scholarship Council [201606090143]
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Soft Soils and Geoenvironmental Engineering at Zhejiang University
Owing to its high surface area and high surface charge density, clay, either contaminated with heavy metal ions or modified with organic additives as barrier materials, is difficult to assess and monitor. Complex dielectric permittivity (kappa*) showed promising potential in tackling the above issues. In this study, the complex dielectric permittivity (kappa*) of clays modified with a surfactant, four polymers, and four metal ions was measured at frequencies from 0.2-20 GHz. With the addition of polymer and metal ions, increasing frequency caused a slight decrement in real permittivity but a significant decrement in effective permittivity. A modified linearity polynomial equation, which considered the particle conductivity, was developed to fit the relationship between effective conductivity (sigma eff) and porosity ranging from 0.7 to 1.0. A three-dimensional Cole-Cole plot (kappa'-kappa eff ''-w) shows Cole-Cole circle expansion at higher water content. The resonance strength of modified clays was observed to increase with water content, which suggests that the number of water molecules in the diffuse layer of polymer or metal ions saturated clay increased. However, sorbed polymer and metal ions have an insignificant influence on the resonance time tau(s) and stretching exponent 1-alpha. kappa* can provide nondestructive characterization of metal or polymer modified clays.
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