Postharvest biocontrol of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides on mango using the marine bacterium Stenotrophomonas rhizophila and its possible mechanisms of action

The marine bacterium Stenotrophomonas rhizophila was assessed in vitro and in vivo as biocontrol agent against anthracnose disease of mango fruit caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. The results showed that in vitro inhibition of the colony diameter and spore germination of the phytopathogen was due to the production of VOCs, competition for nutrients, and lytic enzymes. When a concentration of 1 x 10(8) cells ml(-1) of the antagonist bacterium was applied to the fruit, disease incidence was reduced by 95%, and the lesion diameter of anthracnose decreased by 85%, which offered greater protection than the synthetic fungicide. This is the first report of antagonistic mechanisms of the marine bacterium S. rhizophila against anthracnose disease in mango, which in this study was found to be more effective than the synthetic fungicide.