Monocytes in the Peripheral Clearance of Amyloid-β and Alzheimer's Disease

Aging societies have high incidence rates of Alzheimer's disease (AD). AD is diagnosed at later disease stages and has a poor prognosis, and effective drugs and treatments for AD are lacking. The molecular mechanism of AD is not clear, and current research focuses primarily on amyloid-beta (A beta) deposition and tau protein hyperphosphorylation. A beta deposition is the most frequently hypothesized initiating factor of AD, and A beta clearance during the pathogenesis of AD may be an optional strategy to suppress AD development. Monocytes play important roles in the peripheral clearance of A beta. Therefore, the present review summarizes our current knowledge of the potential roles of infiltrating macrophages, circulating monocytes, and Kupffer cells in the peripheral clearance of A beta in AD.