期刊
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY
卷 40, 期 3, 页码 435-455出版社
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s10764-019-00097-8
关键词
Great apes; Male avoidance; Male infanticide; Orangutan sociality; Sexual selection hypothesis
类别
资金
- Universitas Nasional (UNAS)
- Universitas Tanjungpura (UNTAN)
- Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology
- Directorate of Natural Resource Conservation and Ecosystems (KSDAE)
- Gunung Palung National Park office (BTNGP)
- Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI)
- Center for Research and Development in Biology (PPPB)
- Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education (RISTEKDIKTI)
- National Science Foundation [BCS-0936199, BCS-1638823, 9414388]
- National Geographic Society
- L.S.B. Leakey Foundation
- Wenner-Gren Foundation
- US Fish and Wildlife Service [F15AP00812, F12AP00369, 98210-8-G661]
- Conservation, Food and Health Foundation
- Focused on Nature
- Orangutan Conservancy
- Disney Wildlife Conservation Fund
- Nacey Maggioncalda Foundation
- National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship [DGE-1247312]
- Boston University Graduate Research Abroad Fellowship
- Division Of Behavioral and Cognitive Sci
- Direct For Social, Behav & Economic Scie [9414388] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
Sexually selected infanticide by males is widespread in primates. Female primates employ a variety of strategies to reduce infanticide risk. While infanticide has never been directly observed in wild orangutans (Pongo spp.), their slow life history makes infants vulnerable to infanticide. The mating strategies of female orangutans include polyandrous and postconceptive mating that may serve to increase paternity confusion, an infanticide avoidance strategy. Here, we investigate whether female orangutans alter their social interactions with males as another infanticide avoidance strategy. We hypothesize that females with younger offspring avoid males and that the distance between mother and offspring decreases in the presence of males. We use long-term behavioral data collected between 1994 and 2016 from Bornean orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii) in Gunung Palung National Park, Indonesia, to test whether the sexual selection hypothesis for infanticide helps explain aspects of orangutan social behavior. We found that mothers with offspring 6 yr. old and females without offspring. In addition, the distance between a mother-offspring dyad showed a statistically significant decrease in the presence of males, but not females. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that female orangutans employ strategies to reduce infanticide risk in their social interactions. Because orangutans have a high fission-fusion dynamic, they have flexibility in manipulating social interactions as a counterinfanticide strategy. Our results suggest that infanticide by males is a selective pressure shaping female orangutan social behavior.
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