Phytoremediation of landfill leachate waste contaminants through floating bed technique using water hyacinth and water lettuce

In the present study, the effectiveness of water hyacinth and water lettuce was tested for the phytoremediation of landfill leachate for the period of 15 days. Fifteen plastic containers were used in experimental setup where aquatic plants were fitted as a floating bed with the help of thermo-pole sheet. It was observed that both plants significantly (p < 0.05/p < 0.01/p < 0.001) reduce the physicochemical parameters pH, TDS, BOD, COD and heavy metals like Zn, Pb, Fe, Cu and Ni from landfill leachate. Maximum reduction in these parameters was obtained at 50% and 75% landfill leachate treatment and their removal rate gradually increased from day 3 to day 15 of the experiment. The maximum removal rate for heavy metals such as for Zn (80-90%), Fe (83-87%) and Pb (76-84%) was attained by Eichhornia crassipes and Pistia stratiotes. Value of bioconcentration and translocation factor was less than 1 which indicates the low transport of heavy metals from roots to the above-ground parts of the plants. Both these plants accumulate heavy metals inside their body without showing much reduction in growth and showing tolerance to all the present metals. Therefore, results obtained from the study suggest that these aquatic plants are suitable candidate for the removal of pollution load from landfill leachate.