期刊
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
卷 20, 期 12, 页码 -出版社
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ijms20122964
关键词
Astrocyte; GABAergic synapse; Tripartite synapse; GABA; Chloride; Epilepsy
资金
- Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan [15H05872]
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science [17H04025, 18H02777, 19K07284, 17K19682]
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [17H04025, 17K19682, 19K07284, 18H02777, 15H05872] Funding Source: KAKEN
An imbalance of excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission leading to over excitation plays a crucial role in generating seizures, while enhancing GABAergic mechanisms are critical in terminating seizures. In recent years, it has been reported in many studies that astrocytes are deeply involved in synaptic transmission. Astrocytes form a critical component of the tripartite synapses by wrapping around the pre- and post-synaptic elements. From this location, astrocytes are known to greatly influence the dynamics of ions and transmitters in the synaptic cleft. Despite recent extensive research on excitatory tripartite synapses, inhibitory tripartite synapses have received less attention, even though they influence inhibitory synaptic transmission by affecting chloride and GABA concentration dynamics. In this review, we will discuss the diverse actions of astrocytic chloride and GABA homeostasis at GABAergic tripartite synapses. We will then consider the pathophysiological impacts of disturbed GABA homeostasis at the tripartite synapse.
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