期刊
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NEURAL SYSTEMS AND REHABILITATION ENGINEERING
卷 27, 期 6, 页码 1217-1225出版社
IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/TNSRE.2019.2916476
关键词
Gait analysis; estimation; ground reaction force; instrumented insole; Wii Balance Board; probabilistic machine learning; Gaussian process regression; data augmentation
资金
- JSPS KAKENHI [JP16H04290]
An insole-based estimation of the vertical ground reaction force (vGRF) is proposed as an alternative to costly force plates for the evaluation of pathological gait. However, machine learning techniques for estimation still rely on the use of force plates. Moreover, measuring plural walking steps in order to prevent overfitting induces fall risks and physically taxes the patients. Therefore, this paper presents an accessible and efficient learning scheme for the insole-based estimation of vGRF. In this system, we employ a low-cost scale as an alternative to force plates. Then, we use Gaussian process regression (GPR) to learn a model in order to estimate vGRF without overfitting of small-sized data sets corrupted by measurement errors and noise of the devices. In addition, we propose a one-step learning scheme based on a probabilistic data augmentation. This approach augments actual measurements of a minimum (just one) walking step to a virtual data set for plural steps by considering their typical variability between steps. In experiments, the GPR models learned from two walking steps estimated vGRF with mean errors of 8% or under for entire/local magnitudes. Moreover, the learning from one step with probabilistic augmentation enhanced the estimation accuracy.
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