Demand response-integrated economic dispatch incorporating renewable energy sources using ameliorated dragonfly algorithm

This paper presents an integrated demand response (DR) and dynamic economic dispatch (DED) model consisting of renewable energy sources (RESs) and shunt FACTS (flexible AC transmission systems) devices with focus on reducing thermal energy consumption. RESs are environment friendly and can be located close to the load centers, which helps in reducing T&D losses as well as harmful emissions. DR helps in reducing peak power consumption and generation cost of thermal power plants. Shunt FACTS device, static synchronous compensator (STATCOM), helps in improving voltage profile of the network. Analyses are carried out using the proposed ameliorated dragonfly algorithm (ADFA). The efficiency of developed ADFA is proved by comparing the obtained results with many other methods. Static economic dispatch is carried out on 6-, 17- and 40-thermal generator test systems using ADFA, and the results are compared with other existing methods available in the literature. Further, DED is carried out on 6- and 17-thermal generator test systems. Later, a DED is performed on a real-time 17-thermal generator (South Indian 86-bus system) system for four seasons. Solar irradiance and wind speed are modeled using beta distribution and Weibull distribution functions by collecting the historical data of the test system. The developed demand response program is implemented on a real-time 17 thermal unit and 86-bus test system located in Tamil Nadu, southern part of India. The developed DR model alters time-independent loads so that burden on generating stations during the peak load is minimized. The effect of DR, RES and STATCOM in the test system is studied individually. Further, a comparative analysis considering DR, RES and STATCOM together is presented. The results obtained are promising, and it can be interpreted that by using the developed model there will be improvement in the penetration levels of RES which in turn reduces the demand for thermal energy.