Application of hydroxyapatite nanoparticle-assembled powder using basic fibroblast growth factor as a pulp-capping agent

We have previously fabricated hydroxyapatite (HAP) nanoparticle-assembled powder (nano-HAP) plates and granules by assembling low-crystallinity HAP nanoparticles without template/binder molecules or high-temperature/pressure treatments. In this study, we combined the nano-HAP with fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 2, which promotes odontoblast differentiation, and used this as a pulp-capping agent for dentin defects created in rat molars. The tissue response was then radiologically and histologically assessed at 1 and 2 weeks after capping, to assess the biocompatibility and ability of this material to promote hard tissue formation. The application of nano-HAP/FGF2 induced the invasion of dental pulp cells and vessels, and was consistently found to stimulate formation of a dentinal bridge containing numerous dentinal tubules. We thus succeeded in treating the pulp exposure by using a physiological approach to promote tissue regeneration. Further investigations should be performed to explain exactly how the nano-HAP/FGF2 combination contributes to calcified tissue formation.