A variational framework for the modeling of glassy polymers under finite strains

In this paper, a viscoelastic model able to capture important mechanical features of a wide class of glassy polymers is presented. Among them, the ability of reproducing the highly nonlinear rate-dependent stress response and the post-yield strain softening phenomenon. The simplicity of the proposition allows to recover the same mathematical structure of classical constitutive approaches, well suited for the use of implicit finite element codes. To this aim, theflow resistanceconcept, elsewhere known asshear strength, is reframed as a state variable of an accumulated strain measure. Three alternative expressions for this function are presented. The model is cast within a variational framework in which consistent constitutive updates are obtained by a minimization procedure. Convenient choices for the conservative and dissipative potentials reduce the local constitutive problem to the solution of a single nonlinear scalar equation, emulating the simplest case of viscoelastic models. Numerical tests on the constitutive model show excellent agreement with experimental data. Finally, a 3D simulation of a standard specimen with heterogeneous material properties illustrates the ability of the present proposition to be implemented in implicit finite element codes.