期刊
BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION
卷 234, 期 -, 页码 64-71出版社
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2019.03.025
关键词
East Asian-Australasian flyway; Functional zone; Movement ecology; Tidal rhythm; Wader; Wetland
资金
- National Key Research and Development Program of China [2018YFC1406402]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [31830089, 31572280, 31772467]
- World Wildlife Fund Netherlands
- BirdLife Netherlands
- MAVA Foundation
- NWO Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research
- Rufford Small Grant
- Mohamed bin Zayed Species Conservation Fund
- China Scholarship Council [201506100028]
- ARC [LP150101059]
- Burnett-Mary Regional Group
- Queensland Department of Environment and Science
- Queensland Wader Study Group
- Adelaide and Mount Lofty Ranges Natural Resources Management Board
- Australian Government
- Australian Research Council [LP150101059] Funding Source: Australian Research Council
Protected areas (PAs) are a cornerstone of modern conservation. For PM that are established to conserve mobile species, it is important to cover all the key areas regularly used by these species. However, zonation and boundaries of PM have often been established with limited knowledge of animal movements, leaving the effectiveness of some PM doubtful. We used radio tracking data to evaluate the extent to which two coastal PM in mainland China encompassed the full range of habitats used by migratory shorebirds during non-breeding seasons. The core zone (highest restriction on human activities) of the Yalu Jiang Estuary National Nature Reserve (Liaoning) incorporated only 22 +/- 6% (n = 34) of the diurnal home range (95% kernel density) of the endangered great knots Calidris tenuirostris. In contrast, the core zone of Chongming Dongtan (Shanghai) incorporated 73 +/- 24% (n = 25) of the home range of dunlins Calidris alpina. During high tide, great knots in Yalu Jiang mostly occurred in the experimental zone (least restriction on human activities) or sometimes outside the PA boundary altogether, where the birds could face substantial threats. By investigating satellite tracking records, consulting published literature, interviewing local experts and mapping habitat composition in different coastal PM in China, we found that wet artificial supratidal habitats were frequently used by migratory shorebirds but the coverage of these habitats in coastal PM was low. These PA boundaries and/or zonations should be revised to conserve mobile species more effectively. With the increasing number of tracking studies, analysing the spatial relationships between PM and the movement ranges of mobile species can increasingly inform the development of a representative, comprehensive PA network.
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