Autogenous Growth of Hierarchical NiFe(OH)x/FeS Nanosheet-On-Microsheet Arrays for Synergistically Enhanced High-Output Water Oxidation

Practical electrochemical water splitting requires cost-effective electrodes capable of steadily working at high output, leading to the challenges for efficient and stable electrodes for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Herein, by simply using conductive FeS microsheet arrays vertically pre-grown on iron foam (FeS/IF) as both substrate and source to in situ form vertically aligned NiFe(OH)(x) nanosheets arrays, a hierarchical electrode with a nano/micro sheet-on-sheet structure (NiFe(OH)(x)/FeS/IF) can be readily achieved to meet the requirements. Such hierarchical electrode architecture with a superhydrophilic surface also allows for prompt gas release even at high output. As a result, NiFe(OH)(x)/FeS/IF exhibits superior OER activity with an overpotential of 245 mV at 50 mA cm(-2) and can steadily output 1000 mA cm(-2) at a low overpotential of 332 mV. The water-alkali electrolyzer using NiFe(OH)(x)/FeS/IF as the anode can deliver 10 mA cm(-2) at 1.50 V and steadily operate at 300 mA cm(-2) with a small cell voltage for 70 h. Furthermore, a solar-driven electrolyzer using the developed electrode demonstrates an exceptionally high solar-to-hydrogen efficiency of 18.6%. Such performance together with low-cost Fe-based materials and facile mass production suggest the present strategy may open up opportunities for rationally designing hierarchical electrocatalysts for practical water splitting or diverse applications.