Enhanced cooperative group localization with identification of LOS/NLOS BSs in 5G dense networks

Many technologies in 5G networks, such as massive multiple input multiple output (MIMO), and device-to-device (D2D) communication capabilities as well as the high mobile stations (MSs) density, are beneficial for implementing the accurate locations of MSs. This paper envisages seamless localization in the era of 5G in which MSs use D2D communications, to determine their locations in a cooperative method. An improved cooperative scheme, referred to as Enhanced Cooperative Group Localization (ECGL), is proposed which reduces connectivity constraints and combines received signal strength/angle of arrival (RSS/AOA). Through massive MIMO, the directional measurement between BSs and MSs (AOA measurement) is enhanced, which would increase the localization accuracy. Also, the technologies of dense networks adopted in 5G lead to a large number of LOS links. As will be seen, such conditions help to increase the probability of detection of LOS and consequently to ameliorate the performance of the ECGL scheme. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.