Eating behaviours and dietary intake associations with self-reported sleep duration of free-living Brazilian adults

Sleep duration in modern societies has been decreasing over the past decades and many environmental and behaviour factors contribute with. Evidence have shown that individuals with short sleep duration have worse eating behaviours and dietary intakes than those with adequate sleep. This study aimed to describe eating behaviours and dietary intakes of Brazilian adults and investigate their associations with self-reported sleep duration encompassing aspects of chrono-nutrition. Demographic, socioeconomic, anthropometric, lifestyle, sleep duration and dietary data were obtained from an interviewer-administered structured questionnaire of the cross-sectional population-based study, 2015 ISA-Capital, (n = 1081 adults, >= 20y). The independent associations between sleep duration (categories: <= 6 h, 7-8 h, and >= 9 h) and dietary variables were assessed after adjustment for covariates. Employment status, physical activity, number of chronic diseases and day of recalled intake were significantly associated with sleep duration categories (p < 0.05). Short duration sleepers (<= 6 h) showed the largest probabilities of eating breakfast and snacks. Snacks contributed to 23% of total energy intake and provided the largest amounts of total and added sugar than other eating occasions among short duration sleepers. Long duration sleepers (>= 9 h) exhibited lower probability of consumption of the three main meals, lower energy and nutrient intakes in the morning, lower eating frequency and shorter eating period. Irrespective of sleep duration, the largest contribution to total energy intake was in the afternoon (43-46%), followed by the evening (30-32%) and morning (22-25%) periods. In conclusion, sleep duration was associated with different dietary intakes and eating behaviours among Brazilian adults. The largest energy intakes in the afternoon and evening periods signalize the relevance to consider the timing of food consumption aside sleep duration as a target to nutritional counseling for prevention of circadian misalignment and related metabolic disturbances.