期刊
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
卷 11, 期 26, 页码 23261-23270出版社
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b06528
关键词
electrochemical exfoliation; Co2+ antioxidant; graphene; dual-ion battery; chloroaluminate ion battery; in situ Raman spectroscopy
资金
- EPSRC [EP/R023034/1, EP/K016954/1]
- EPSRC [EP/R023034/1, EP/K005014/1, EP/K016954/1] Funding Source: UKRI
The current state-of-the-art positive electrode material for chloroaluminate ion batteries (AIBs) or dual-ion batteries (DIBs) is highly crystalline graphite; however, the rate capability of this material at high discharge currents is significantly reduced by the modest conductivity of graphite. This limitation is addressed through the use of graphene-based positive electrodes, which can improve the rate capability of these batteries due to their higher conductivity. However, conventional methods of graphene production induce a significant number of defects, which impair the performance of AIBs and DIBs. Herein, we report the use of a defect-free graphene positive electrode, which was produced using the electrochemical exfoliation of graphite in an aqueous solution with the aid of Co2+ as an antioxidant. The Co-treated graphene electrode achieved high capacities of 150 mAh g(-1) in DIBs and 130 mAh g(-1) in AIBs with high rate capability for both batteries. The charge-discharge mechanism of the batteries is examined using in situ Raman spectroscopy, and the results revealed that the intercalation density of [AlCl4](-) or [PF6](-) increased from a dilute staging index graphite intercalation compound (GIC) to a stage 1 GIC within the operating voltage window. The simple production method of high-quality graphene in conjunction with its high performance in DIBs should enable the use of graphene for DIB technologies.
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