期刊
ACS EARTH AND SPACE CHEMISTRY
卷 3, 期 5, 页码 854-+出版社
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acsearthspacechem.9b00028
关键词
Polar biogeochemistry; marine aerosol; ATOFMS; Secondary Aerosols; Southern Ocean; polar emissions; Polar ecology
资金
- Spanish Ministry of Economy through project BIOeNUC [CGL2013-49020-R]
- Spanish Ministry of Economy through Ramon y Cajal fellowship [RYC-2012-11922]
- EU though the FP7-PEOPLE-2013-IOF programme [624680]
- EU though the PEGASO [CTM2012-37615]
- U.K. Natural Environment Research Council
- Spanish Ministry of Economy through PI-ICE [CTM2017-89117-R]
- Natural Environment Research Council [NE/M003361/1, NE/R015953/1, NE/R010382/1, NE/P021409/1, NE/I025077/1, NE/P008526/1, NE/P012930/1] Funding Source: researchfish
- NERC [NE/P012930/1, NE/M003361/1, NE/R010013/1, NE/P021409/1, NE/R010382/1, NE/I025077/1, NE/P008526/1] Funding Source: UKRI
Measurements of alkylamines from seawater and atmospheric samples collected simultaneously across the Antarctic Peninsula, South Orkney and South Georgia Islands are reported. Concentrations of mono-, di-, and trimethylamine (MMA, DMA, and TMA, respectively), and their precursors, the quarternary amines glycine betaine and choline, were enhanced in sympagic seawater samples relative to ice-devoid pelagic ones, suggesting the microbiota of sea ice and sea ice-influenced ocean is a major source of these compounds. Primary sea-spray aerosol particles artificially generated by bubbling seawater samples were investigated by aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ATOFMS) of single particles; their mixing state indicated that alkylamines were aerosolized with sea spray from dissolved and particulate organic nitrogen pools. Despite this unequivocal sea spray-associated source of alkylamines, ATOFMS analyses of ambient aerosols in the sympagic region indicated that the majority (75-89%) of aerosol alkylamines were of secondary origin, that is, incorporated into the aerosol after gaseous air-sea exchange. These findings show that sympagic seawater properties are a source of alkylamines influencing the biogenic aerosol fluxed from the ocean into the boundary layer; these organic nitrogen compounds should be considered when assessing secondary aerosol formation processes in Antarctica.
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