Klebsiella pneumonia carbapenemase (KPC), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus spp. (VRE) in the food production chain and biofilm formation on abiotic surfaces

The indiscriminate use of antibiotics, both in clinical and agricultural practices, has favored the selection of resistant bacteria. The reports of Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC), Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus spp. (VRE) in the food chain and the close genetic relation between clinical and food isolates serve as a warning to regulatory agencies, agricultural sectors and the food industry. In this review, we will present important aspects of KPC, MRSA, and VRE, including biofilm formation and promising studies seeking to control and inactivate these microorganisms.