期刊
ADVANCED SCIENCE
卷 6, 期 12, 页码 -出版社
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/advs.201802272
关键词
lithium ion capacitors; potassium ion batteries; potassium ion capacitors; sodium ion batteries; sodium ion capacitors
资金
- Sichuan Science and Technology Program [2017HH0067, 2018GZ0006, 2018GZ0134]
- U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering [DE-SC0018074]
A hybrid ion capacitor (HIC) based on potassium ions (K+) is a new high-power intermediate energy device that may occupy a unique position on the Ragone chart space. Here, a direct performance comparison of a potassium ion capacitor (KIC) versus the better-known sodium ion capacitor is provided. Tests are performed with an asymmetric architecture based on bulk ion insertion, partially ordered, dense carbon anode (hard carbon, HC) opposing N- and O-rich ion adsorption, high surface area, cathode (activated carbon, AC). A classical symmetric supercapacitor-like configuration AC-AC is analyzed in parallel. For asymmetric K-based HC-AC devices, there are significant high-rate limitations associated with ion insertion into the anode, making it much inferior to Na-based HC-AC devices. A much larger charge-discharge hysteresis (overpotential), more than an order of magnitude higher impedance R-SEI, and much worse cyclability are observed. However, K-based AC-AC devices obtained on-par energy, power, and cyclability with their Na counterpart. Therefore, while KICs are extremely scientifically interesting, more work is needed to tailor the structure of Na-inherited dense carbon anodes and electrolytes for satisfactory K ion insertion. Conversely, it should be possible to utilize many existing high surface area adsorption carbons for fast rate K application.
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