期刊
SPATIAL STATISTICS
卷 30, 期 -, 页码 27-38出版社
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.spasta.2019.02.002
关键词
Horvitz-Thompson estimation; Jackknife variance estimation; Plot sampling; Replicated plots; Simulation study; Tree spatial interaction
Mark variograms are widely adopted in forest ecosystem studies for analyzing spatial interaction among trees. Inference on mark variograms can be performed under a model-dependent perspective (ergodic variograms) or under a deterministic perspective (non-ergodic variograms). A simple and workable definition of non-ergodic mark variogram is introduced based on distances between pairs of trees distinguished by distance classes. Design-based estimators of mark variogram values are proposed as the ratio of two Horvitz-Thompson estimators using replicated plots randomly located on the study area and making use of the inclusion probabilities of the pairs of trees. Jackknife estimators of their variances are considered. A simulation study is performed on a real forest stand to check the statistical performance of the proposed strategy. (c) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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