Cost-efficient improvement of coking wastewater biodegradability by multi-stages flow through peroxi-coagulation under low current load

Cost-effective pretreatment of the highly concentrated and biorefractory coking wastewater to improve biodegradability is of significant importance, while green electrochemical technologies without external chemicals addition are charming but still challenging due to its high energy consumption. In this work, a novel multi-stages flow through peroxi-coagulation (PC) was for the first time developed with graphite felt cathode modified by graphene, showing an excellent performance in removal of 71.5% COD, 72.3% phenol and 59.4% NH3 -N and significant biodegradability enhancement with a low energy consumption as 1.2 kWh/m(3) . Compared with conventional flow PC, this process was more cost-effective due to more intensive center dot OH production and higher utilization of generated active species. Through UV spectrophotometry and GC-MS analysis, the improvement of biodegradability was attributed to the reduction of both low and high molecular weight compounds content in the coking wastewater. Comparing to the electro-Fenton, electrocoagulation and ozonation process, the proposed PC process was highly cost effective, providing a promising and new alternative for pretreatment of coking wastewater. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.