Recent advances on application of peptide nucleic acids as a bioreceptor in biosensors development

The analogs of DNA are unique biomedical tools that are broadly utilized to develop different types of biosensors. Peptide nucleic acids (PNA) are an individual and notable class of nucleic acid analogs due to their unique, novel physicochemical and biochemical characteristics, stability and resistance to nuclease and protease enzymes, significant interactions with complementary strands and remarkable hybridization attributes. Therefore, they are employed in the preparation and fabrication of various types of functional biosensors. In other words, immobilization of PNA as an appropriate diagnostic probe on the surface of electrochemical and optical converters lead to the fabrication of PNA-based biosensors which could be applied for sensitive and selective determination of diverse analytes. In this article, we are purposed to demonstrate an overview of physicochemical and biochemical features, modifications of peptide nucleic acid backbone and its usages as a bio-receptor in the PNA-based biosensors in recognition of viruses, RNA, bacteria, DNA, SNP (single-nucleotide polymorphism) and etc. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.