Transition-metal-catalyzed methods for synthesis of fluorenes

This report aims to summarize recent advances in syntheses of fluorenes and derivatives thereof by using methods based on catalytic or stoichiometric transformations of various aromatic compounds induced by transition metal compounds. These methods encompass various inter- and intramolecular processes such as cross-coupling reactions, carbonylations, C-H activations, electrophilic aromatic substitutions, cycloaddition reactions of alkenes and alkynes. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.