期刊
ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENVIRONMENT AND RESOURCES, VOL 41
卷 41, 期 -, 页码 59-81出版社
ANNUAL REVIEWS
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-environ-110615-085610
关键词
carbon emissions; global change; resilience; coral bleaching; social-ecological system; decision-making
Carbon emissions in an industrialized world have created two problems for coral reefs: climate change and ocean acidification. Climate change drives ocean warming, which impacts biological and ecological reef processes, triggers large-scale coral bleaching events, and fuels tropical storms. Ocean acidification slows reef growth, alters competitive interactions, and impairs population replenishment. For managers and policymakers, ocean warming and acidification represent an almost paradoxical challenge by eroding reef resilience and simultaneously increasing the demand for reef resilience. Here, I address this problem in the context of challenges and potential solutions. Management efforts can compensate for reduced coral reef resilience in the face of global change, but to a limited extent and over a limited time frame. Critically, a realistic perspective on what sustainability measures can be achieved for coral reefs in the face of ocean warming and acidification is important to avoid setting unachievable goals for regional and local-scale management programs.
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