Sirt1 ameliorates monosodium urate crystal-induced inflammation by altering macrophage polarization via the PI3K/Akt/STAT6 pathway

Objectives. Acute gout is an inflammatory response to MSU crystals. In our previous research, Sirt1 was shown to have an effect in preventing acute gouty inflammation. In the current study, we aimed to investigate the underlying mechanism involving Sirt1 in acute gout. Methods. The cytological changes and Sirt1 expression in the synovium were observed in patients with acute or intermittent gout. The effect of Sirt1 and its mechanism in gout were studied in macrophages, C57BL/6 mice and Sirt1(+/-) mice. Results. Sirt1 expression was increased in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with acute gout but not in the chronic tophus tissue. The arthritis score and numbers of inflammatory cells in injured paw tissue from murine gout models were upregulated in Sirt1(+/-) mice compared with wild-type mice. A PCR array of the paw tissue from murine gout models indicated that Sirt1 activation might attenuate MSU-induced inflammation by altering the polarization state of macrophages. Furthermore, in patients with acute gout, the phagocytosis of MSU crystals by a macrophage was found in a smear of the joint fluid and large amounts of macrophages were also found in the synovium. The activation of Sirt1 in gouty mice actually decreased the tendency toward M1 polarization. The inhibition of PI3K/Akt partially blocked the anti-inflammatory effect of Sirt1 and the translocation of STAT6, and phosphorylated STAT6 expression was decreased in RAW 264.7 cells treated with MSU crystals. Conclusion. Our studies revealed that Sirt1 ameliorates MSU-induced inflammation by altering macrophage polarization via the PI3K/Akt/STAT6 pathway.