Numerical study of bubble growth and merger characteristics during nucleate boiling

This paper numerically investigates bubble nucleation, growth, merger, and departure characteristics as well as the heat transfer distributions on the surface, and compared the simulation results with experimental results. Micro-heaters are utilized in experiments to provide constant temperature as well as measure the time-resolved heat flux variations. Bubble images and corresponding heat flux distributions under bubbles are obtained in experiments. A 3-dimensional computational domain with two symmetry planes is built and 5 heating elements are arranged at the bottom surface of the domain to simulate the real heaters used in experiments. The temperatures of these elements are set constant and the local heat fluxes were calculated. Liquid-vapor interface is captured with a volume of fluid (VOF) method in numerical simulations. Bubble growth and merger characteristics and heat flux distributions under bubbles calculated in numerical simulations are analyzed and compared to experimental observations. The heat transfer contributions of different heat transfer modes are calculated. The heat transfer mechanisms during nucleate boiling are better interpreted by the coupling of bubble dynamics and time- and space-resolved heat flux variations on the surface.