期刊
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
卷 116, 期 18, 页码 8901-8908出版社
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1815655116
关键词
Placozoa; eukaryotic chemotaxis; coherent motion; multicellularity; Wdirected migration
资金
- Direccion General de Asuntos del Personal Academico, Programa de Apoyos para la Superacion del Personal Academico de la Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico
- Conacyt [283279]
- Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS AND STROKE [ZIANS002972] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
Trichoplax adhaerens is a small, ciliated marine animal that glides on surfaces grazing upon algae, which it digests externally. It has no muscles or nervous system and only six cell types, all but two of which are embedded in its epithelium. The epithelial cells are joined by apical adherens junctions; neither tight junctions nor gap junctions are present. Monociliated epithelial cells on the lower surface propel gliding. The cilia beat regularly, but asynchronously, and transiently contact the substrate with each stroke. The animal moves in random directions in the absence of food. We show here that it exhibits chemotaxis, moving preferentially toward algae embedded in a disk of agar. We present a mathematical model to explain how coherent, directional movements could arise from the collective actions of a set of ciliated epithelial cells, each independently sensing and responding to a chemoattractant gradient. The model incorporates realistic values for viscoelastic properties of cells and produces coordinated movements and changes in body shape that resemble the actual movements of the animal. The model demonstrates that an animal can move coherently in search of food without any need for chemical signaling between cells and introduces a different approach to modeling behavior in primitive multicellular organisms.
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