期刊
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
卷 116, 期 18, 页码 8975-8984出版社
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1811702116
关键词
humoral immunigy; HIF; hypoxia; T helper cell; metabolism
资金
- NIH [1S10OD018015, DK101791, DK081646, R01 AI113292, R01 HL106812]
- Department of Veterans Affairs Merit Award [BX002348]
- Cancer Center Support Grant [CA068485]
- Diabetes Research Center Grant [DK0205930]
T cell help in humoral immunity includes interactions of B cells with activated extrafollicular CD4(+) and follicular T helper (Tfh) cells. Each can promote antibody responses but Tfh cells play critical roles during germinal center (GC) reactions. After restimulation of their antigen receptor (TCR) by B cells, helper T cells act on B cells via CD40 ligand and secreted cytokines that guide Ig class switching. Hypoxia is a normal feature of GC, raising questions about molecular mechanisms governing the relationship between hypoxia response mechanisms and T cell help to antibody responses. Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF) are prominent among mechanisms that mediate cellular responses to limited oxygen but also are induced by lymphocyte activation. We now show that loss of HIF-1 alpha or of both HIF-1 alpha and HIF-2 alpha in CD4(+) T cells compromised essential functions in help during antibody responses. HIF-1 alpha depletion from CD4(+) T cells reduced frequencies of antigen-specific GC B cells, Tfh cells, and overall antigen-specific Ab after immunization with sheep red blood cells. Compound deficiency of HIF-1 alpha and HIF-2 alpha led to humoral defects after hapten-carrier immunization. Further, HIF promoted CD40L expression while restraining the FoxP3-positive CD4(+) cells in the CXCR5(+) follicular regulatory population. Glycolysis increases T helper cytokine expression, and HIF promoted glycolysis in T helper cells via TCR or cytokine stimulation, as well as their production of cytokines that direct antibody class switching. Indeed, IFN-gamma elaboration by HIF-deficient in vivo-generated Tfh cells was impaired. Collectively, the results indicate that HIF transcription factors are vital components of the mechanisms of help during humoral responses.
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