期刊
NATURE
卷 568, 期 7753, 页码 487-+出版社
NATURE PORTFOLIO
DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1131-5
关键词
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资金
- Alfred P. Sloan Foundation [G-2016-7206]
- Deep Carbon Observatory
- NSF [1144559, MCB 15-17567, OCE-1431598, 0206113, 0711533, 1049713, 0003628, 1049748]
- Deep Life Modelling and Visualization Fellowship from the Deep Carbon Observatory
- ELSI Origins Network (EON) Research Fellowship
- John Templeton Foundation
- JSPS KAKENHI [JP17K14412, JP17H06105, JP17H02989]
- NASA [NNX16AL59G]
- DEKOSIM [BAP-08-11-DPT.2012K120880]
- Ministry of Development of Turkey
- NASA [NNX16AL59G, 900727] Funding Source: Federal RePORTER
- Directorate For Geosciences
- Division Of Earth Sciences [1144559] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Division Of Earth Sciences
- Directorate For Geosciences [1049713, 0711533, 0003628, 1049748] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- NERC [NE/M000427/1] Funding Source: UKRI
Carbon and other volatiles in the form of gases, fluids or mineral phases are transported from Earth's surface into the mantle at convergent margins, where the oceanic crust subducts beneath the continental crust. The efficiency of this transfer has profound implications for the nature and scale of geochemical heterogeneities in Earth's deep mantle and shallow crustal reservoirs, as well as Earth's oxidation state. However, the proportions of volatiles released from the forearc and backarc are not well constrained compared to fluxes from the volcanic arc front. Here we use helium and carbon isotope data from deeply sourced springs along two cross-arc transects to show that about 91 per cent of carbon released from the slab and mantle beneath the Costa Rican forearc is sequestered within the crust by calcite deposition. Around an additional three per cent is incorporated into the biomass through microbial chemolithoautotrophy, whereby microbes assimilate inorganic carbon into biomass. We estimate that between 1.2 x 10(8) and 1.3 x 10(10) moles of carbon dioxide per year are released from the slab beneath the forearc, and thus up to about 19 per cent less carbon is being transferred into Earth's deep mantle than previously estimated.
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