Microstructure and mechanical properties of high-entropy borides derived from boro/carbothermal reduction

Starting from metal oxides, B4C and graphite, a suite of high-entropy boride ceramics, formulated (Hf0.2Zr0.2Ta0.2Nb0.2Ti0.2)B-2, (Hf0.2Zr0.2Mo0.2Nb0.2Ti0.2)B-2 and (Hf0.2Mo0.2Ta0.2Nb0.2Ti0.2)B-2 derived from boro/carbothermal reduction at 1600 degrees C were fabricated by spark plasma sintering at 2000 degrees C. It was found that the synthetic high-entropy boride crystalized in hexagonal structure and the yield of the targeting phase was calculated to be over 93.0 wt% in the sintered ceramics. Benefitting from the nearly full densification (96.3% (similar to) 98.5% in relative density) and the refined microstructure, the products exhibited the relatively high Vickers hardness. The indentation fracture toughness was determined to be comparable with the single transition metal-diboride ceramics. It should be noted that the formation of high-entropy boride ceramics were featured with the relatively high hardness at no expense of the fracture toughness.