Gold-Nanoparticle-Assisted Plasmonic Photothermal Therapy Advances Toward Clinical Application

Plasmonic photothermal therapy (PPTT), a type of treatment involving the intravenous or intratumoral injection to introduce gold nanoparticles to cancerous cells and the subsequent exposure to heat generating near-infrared (NIR) light, is a potentially favorable alternative to traditional treatments of localized tumors such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery. The current main concern of PPTT, however, is the feasibility of the treatment in clinical settings. Since PPTT's initial use 15 years ago, thousands of studies have been published. In this feature article, we summarize the most recent scientific progress, including the efficacy, molecular mechanism, toxicity, and pharmacokinetics of PPTT in vitro with cancer cells and in vivo through mouse/rat model testing, animal clinical cases (such as dogs and cats), and human clinical trials. Given the benefits of PPTT, we believe that it will ultimately become a human clinical treatment that can aid in our ultimate goal of beating cancer.